Chemsex, a term combining "chemical" and "sex," refers to the use of specific drugs to enhance sexual experiences. This practice has gained prominence, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM), and involves substances such as GHB/GBL which is a Class B substance - commonly referred to as 'G', cocaine, ketamine, and methamphetamine, such as crystal meth a Class A substance - often referred to as 'Tina'. While some may seek intensified pleasure or prolonged sessions, the convergence of drug use and sexual activity presents significant risks, including the potential for addiction.

Prevalence of chemsex use ranges between 3–29% of men who have sex with men.

Recent analysis of ONS figures by Gay Times, suggests up to 1,000 people have died of possible chemsex-related harms in the past decade.

A recent investigation by ITV News found:

In 2023, police figures showed that chemsex claimed 3 lives a month in London alone. The Metropolitan Police told ITV News they fear official figures for 2024 will be the "highest on record".

Almost a third of all drug presentations at one of UK's busiest hospitals were from chemsex

London Ambulance Service suspects "at least" one call out every day is related to chemsex drugs

The Dual Nature of Chemsex Addiction

Chemsex addiction is multifaceted, intertwining elements of both substance dependence and behavioural addiction. The substances commonly used—GHB/GBL, cocaine, ketamine, and methamphetamine—are known for their potent psychoactive effects. When combined with sexual activity, they can lead to a cycle where the individual becomes reliant on drugs to achieve sexual satisfaction, thereby reinforcing both drug dependency and compulsive sexual behaviour.

Psychological and Physiological Impacts

The psychological effects of chemsex can be profound. Engaging in such practices often leads to diminished self-esteem and a reduced sense of self-worth. Physiologically, individuals are at heightened risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), a concern exacerbated by behaviours such as unprotected sex with multiple partners over extended periods. This combination of psychological and physical risks underscores the complexity of chemsex addiction.

According to the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), which serves London, chemsex-related offences have increased from 19 in 2018 to 363 in 2023.

Over 30 forces outside of London have also sought support from the MPS specialist response to chemsex, with the National Crime Agency Major Crime Investigative Support Unit often providing introductions, the College of Policing say.

Development of Chemsex Addiction

The progression from occasional chemsex participation to addiction is closely linked to the drugs' ability to enhance sexual experiences. This enhancement creates a strong association between drug use and sexual pleasure, making it challenging to separate the two activities. The anticipation of the combined experience can itself become addictive, further entrenching the behaviour.

Common Triggers and Underlying Issues

Triggers for engaging in chemsex often include the desire for the drugs themselves or the enhanced sexual experiences they facilitate. Additionally, underlying emotional or mental health issues, such as low self-worth or histories of trauma, can contribute to the initiation and continuation of chemsex practices. Many individuals may use chemsex as a coping mechanism to manage stress, loneliness, or other psychological distress.

The Role of Specific Substances in Chemsex

• GHB/GBL: Often referred to as "G" or "liquid ecstasy," these substances are central nervous system depressants that can induce euphoria and lower inhibitions. However, they carry risks of overdose, unconsciousness, and dependence.
• Cocaine: A powerful stimulant that increases alertness and confidence, cocaine can also lead to risky sexual behaviours and has a high potential for addiction.
• Ketamine: Originally developed as an anaesthetic, ketamine has hallucinogenic properties and can cause dissociation. Its misuse has surged in the UK, with reports highlighting severe physical harm, including bladder damage and increased addiction rates among young people.
• Methamphetamine: Known for its intense stimulant effects, often known as crystal meth or 'Tina'. methamphetamine is strongly associated with chemsex due to its ability to prolong sexual activity. However, it poses significant health risks, including addiction, mental health disorders, and increased susceptibility to STIs.

Challenges in Recovery: Addressing Dual Addiction

Recovery from chemsex addiction is particularly challenging due to its dual nature—addressing both substance use and sexual behaviour. This necessitates integrated treatment approaches that simultaneously tackle drug dependence and compulsive sexual behaviours. Without comprehensive treatment, focusing on only one aspect may lead to incomplete recovery and potential relapse.

Samuel Robinson, a therapist whose passion lies in helping and educating those vulnerable to the world of Chemsex said when he appeared on the Altered Attitudes podcast:

“A lot of the challenge with this client group is when they seek support from drug and alcohol services, people see, okay, this person has drug addiction and they have sex addiction, right? They're two things.

The difficulty is they are not separate in this context. The use of drugs is so entwined with the sexual behaviour that it is its own thing. We need to start seeing it as its own separate cultural thing within drug addiction. The difficulty is a lot of these people are falling through the gaps because we don't have a society that understands chemsex as its own standalone thing.

People know that AA exists and Narco-Anonymous exists. People know that there is rehabs out there for treatment for drug addiction. People know that sex addiction is a thing. It's in the media. We see celebrities that say they've had it and things. But chemsex itself is very, very hidden. And so this is really my hope of being here and the thing is to say we need to start recognising this as its identity and its own individual experience.”

Therapist Jakana, states:

“Chemsex can deeply impact both mind and body—damaging self-worth, creating dangerous physical risks, and forging a powerful link between drug use and sexual experiences. The anticipation alone can feel like a high, making the cycle hard to break. Many who engage in chemsex have struggled with low self-esteem or difficult pasts, seeking escape or connection in the wrong places. Recovery begins with recognising these patterns, seeking support in therapy or peer groups, and replacing old habits with meaningful, self-affirming actions. Healing takes time, but through honesty, communication, and genuine connection, individuals can rebuild intimacy, restore relationships, and create a life beyond chemsex—one rooted in self-respect and fulfilment."

Strategies for Recovery and Support

• Therapeutic Interventions: Engaging in therapy to address self-worth and underlying emotional issues is crucial. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and other counselling approaches can help individuals understand and modify the behaviours contributing to chemsex addiction.
• Support Groups: Participating in support groups, such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), which offer LGBT-specific meetings, can provide a sense of community and shared experience, aiding in the recovery process. For addictional free support there are places to go such as Controlling Chemsex and You are Loved.
• Healthy Alternatives: Developing coping mechanisms to manage stress and social situations without resorting to chemsex is vital. This includes finding fulfilling activities and forming connections outside of chemsex-engaged peers.

Rebuilding Relationships and Intimacy

Chemsex addiction can strain personal relationships. Rebuilding these bonds requires open communication, honesty, and demonstrating a commitment to change. Re-establishing intimacy involves developing emotional connections and practicing patience as trust is rebuilt over time.

Chemsex addiction represents a complex interplay between substance use and sexual behaviour, necessitating a nuanced and comprehensive approach to treatment and recovery. By understanding the psychological and physiological impacts, recognising the role of specific substances, and implementing integrated recovery strategies, individuals can work towards overcoming this dual-layered addiction and rebuilding fulfilling lives.

We partner with rehab facilities and therapists that are positioned to assist someone who is struggling with chemsex addiction.

If you or a loved one is affected by chemsex addiction please contact our Treatment Advisors today.